Forensic Science in the 21st Century free essay sample

Science in the 21st Century Gertrude West Forensic Science and Psychological Profiling/CJA590 May 30, 2011 Edward Baker Forensic Science in the 21st Century Forensic science has different impacts on wrongdoing, examination and the individuals that are included. Measurable science has an association with the courts to guarantee wrongdoings are getting illuminated and equity is being served to those that carry out violations. With the assistance of measurable science, wrongdoings are being comprehended from a human and mechanical viewpoint. This paper features various conversations on how scientific science assumes a job in criminal judges framework, security, media and the law. Legal science is a different element from the police; albeit an enormous bit of the work is acquires through law implementation. Criminological science is an unmistakable part of policing during criminal examination. The fruitful goals from a wrongdoing scene includes keeping the site from being defiled. This aides guarantees a lot of get-together and deciphering proof that could prompt a precise translation of the occasion. The advances in innovation are being applied to legal science; a field where specialized is accomplished by numerous components, for example, including preparing, experience, proceeded with instruction, and logical approach (NYSP, 2007). Scientific Science keeps on creating in the 21st Century. It mixes science and innovation that has been helpful for law implementation to tackle violations and indict crooks. Legal sciences in criminal examinations incorporate however are not constrained to: bioscience, follow proof, toxicology, photography, documentation, measurable symbolism, criminological ID and SAFIS, proof accepting, tranquilize science and ballistics. Likewise, private legal research centers, for example, Applied Forensics, are contracted and utilized to aid the legal procedure in the investigation of reports being referred to and penmanship examination (Davis, 2006). Perhaps the greatest thing that criminal agents and officials will search for at a wrongdoing scene is DNA. DNA can be accumulated uniquely through blood as well as through a liquids too. As indicated by Blackman (2011), â€Å"DNA investigation is one of the principle apparatuses utilized in criminological science to distinguish people. Wrongdoing research centers undertaking DNA composing are regularly worried about contrasting DNA proof and known norms. The proof is DNA tests gathered from a wrongdoing scene and these are cross-coordinated against DNA swabs taken from anybody associated with that scene, be that casualties, litigants or disposal ‘known’s’. The end known’s can emerge out of the victims’ family members, for instance, or, if it’s a common house, from occupants. The examinations are made, not exclusively to produce and accumulate proof against suspects, yet in addition to avoid individuals from the examination. The turn of events and uses of criminological scince suppors activity focused on avoidance, interruption, and arraignment of fear based oppression. The order helps bolster knowledge and examination. Thiss segment is presently fused into country Security, An example of legitimate cases profiting by this sort of logical examination would be clinical negligence prosecution, probate procedures, unpredictable and business lawful activity and agreement claims. As per Shelton (2010), â€Å"Forensic Science in Court investigates the legitimate ramifications of measurable sciencean progressively significant and complex piece of the equity framework. Judge Donald Shelton gives an open outline of the lawful issues, from the historical backdrop of proof in court, to guardian judges figuring out what proof can be permitted, to the CSI impact in juries. † The media has the capability of influencing the manner in which individuals think. Individuals ignore their observation dependent on situations introduced. Mainstream media portrayal of scientific science and persuasive nearness on the public’s supposition on equity related issues, the impact that flawless synchronicity of the examiner and effective results depicted in anecdotal fields are contemporaneous with the public’s sentiments. Disappointed with the criminal equity framework not tackling cases sufficiently quick, the open at that point places galactic desires on clinical analysts. Genuine examiners accepting that an absence of competency might be influencing everything when in all actuality, society has been given a contorted perspective on the extensive, careful procedure included. As per Nurse Advocacy (2007), â€Å"People ignore all messages in promoting, since advertisements ordinarily present entertainers and models, however that is basically not how the human brain functions. In spite of being fiction, media items like this can at present impact: our perspectives on the vehicle being referred to (as the promoter intensely trusts); the capacity of ladies today to get definitive, ground-breaking experts, yet to at present have a family (probably this advertisement was coordinated for the most part at ladies who might relate to the specialist); the essential set-up of ORs, the sorts of experts who take an interest, how they dress, and what apparatuses they use; and obviously, the relative force, information and expert jobs of doctors and medical caretakers. A portion of this might be unintended, yet every last bit of it offers the minivan to the objective segment. The entirety of the components above add to the high validity of the specialist, who is, all things considered, doing the selling. † as such media additionally increment the information on those that are carrying out wrongdoings, what they might not have been doing before they are doing it now. For instance on the off chance that they were not wearing gloves and utilizing mobile phones that can't be follow, paying for things in real money rather than electronically, they are certain doing this now. TV wrongdoing shows gives potential attendants the desire for more cateforical evidence than that which legal scine is equipped for produciing. â€Å"The most evident manifestation of the CSI impact is that members of the jury think they have a careful comprehension of science they have seen introduced on TV, when they do not† (Economist, 2010 ). Researcher manages likelihood than assurance. The way toward figuring the likelihood is perplexing. During a court going before a unique mark master may recognize a 90% possibility of acquiring a match if a respondent left a print. Then again it could be one of every few billion possibility of a match on the off chance that somebody other than the litigant left the imprint. DNA when all is said in done gives proof of a higher caliber than different types of confirmation; along these lines, specialists might be increasingly certain to connect results to a particular person. The probabilities and not assurances despite everything exist in the DNA discoveries. Subsequently, preliminaries are longer and cases that beforehand may have offer brisk feelings are presently finishing off with absolutions. The CSI impact can likewise be sure. In one case in Virginia attendants inquired as to whether a cigarette butt had been tried for conceivable DNA matches to the litigant in a homicide preliminary. It had, yet the resistance legal counselors had neglected to present the DNA test results as proof. At the point when they did, those outcomes excused the respondent, who was acquitted† (Economist, 2010 ). In the investigation of measurable science, there are such a significant number of things that individuals don't have the foggiest idea. The knowledge of this subject is turning out to be increasingly unmistakable. As such individuals are getting progressively instructed positively (information) and furthermore bad (carrying out violations with the less chance of getting captured). This topic is noticeable in light of the fact that it additionally expanding the information on various wrongdoings that may have not been conspicuous before the utilization of innovation to now. The creation PCs were for those to store office records and significant data, however now PCs are being utilized in such a large number of various angle similar to sex entertainment, the advancement of sex, thus numerous different things. Innovation has not become an entryway to such a significant number of things. This causes scientific science to turn out to be increasingly more noticeable in this day in age, in light of the fact that there are PCs programmers attempting to get to documents to discover what is Americas next move and in some cases only the basic things of taking others distinguishing proof. As such that legal has an association with the courts, it is significant that this kind of association remains going because of the drive that it interfaces with guarantee violations are getting unraveled and equity is being served to those that are carrying out these wrongdoings.

Essay Writing Tips and Samples Options

Essay Writing Tips and Samples Options To compose a complaint letter use these tips and samples. If you wish to get high excellent research and thesis papers punctually and for an affordable price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. When you get ready for the main test then make certain you know the topics well and the pattern beforehand. After that the primary test will begin which will further incorporate the next topics. The Appeal of Essay Writing Tips and Samples Essay writing is apparently quite difficult and most vital thing student need to do in university, school and college. Writing an essay is a trying job, especially when you have time limitations. It is possible to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the aid of our professional experts. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. For instance, you experience an experience on cheating on exams. Therefore, in case you have some self good expert assistance with college admission essays goals stories to share, don't hesitate to do it. There's few things student have to observe before writing essay paper as a way to write grade winning paper. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get affordable essay rather than writing it themselves. The Good, the Bad and Essay Writing Tips and Samples Write is far better to find professional writing assistance from and corresponding support. Words shouldn't be utilised to fill up blank space only for the interest of it. When answering, cross out the erroneous options initially, then, select the ones that you heard. You must present the advantages and disadvantages of adopting a specific solution. In essay instance, you have an outstanding benefit to using. Note that it's all-important to demonstrate how the chosen solution ought to be introduced. You even have a choice to attempt the previous question that you aren't sure about. Details of Essay Writing Tips and Samples Becoming thoroughly knowledgeable about the test is just one of the greatest methods to get ready for it. Essays are ordinarily not very long, therefore it's no real surprise that teachers would assign a good deal of them to write. Preparation is the secret, so have a look at some simple methods for writing an essay when you've got a limited period of time. You should select all the appropriate answers. In such a way, it is going to be less difficult to compose the essay quickly. If you would like to compose an outstanding essay then you have to be familiarized with types of essay and you have to know of the methodology and format used in every sort of essay. Though the majority of people can write, writing a top quality essay isn't as easy as it looks. If you would like your problem-solution essay to be appealing, you will need to spell out the effects of the issue vividly. The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. The same is true for top essay writers. Through extensive research, a writer may get knowledgeable about this issue, which, needless to say, will improve the essay. In technologically advanced age, you don't will need to be a professional writer to come up with a great essay, nor do you've got to know all the specifics involved with writing a paper of a specific type. Rather, planning essays always save a whole lot of time because while writing the last draft you wouldn't have to think for hours and hours. Annual (or semi-annual) reviews are the ideal time to discuss the way your career is going and where you wish to see it go. Hope you get an excellent time delivering the speech. Things You Won't Like About Essay Writing Tips and Samples and Things You Will In addition to principal motive of any kind of essay writing is going to be to current one's have view or thoughts in addition to the outc omes of the researches that any man or woman may have done related to any issue or event etc.. The answer needs to be within the scope of 5070 words. You see, the conventions of English essays are somewhat more formulaic than you may think and, in various ways, it can be as easy as counting to five. You must retell in your words what you hear. You must describe in your words. Attempt to improve the vocabulary so you may concoct amazing words within the writings. Who Else Wants to Learn About Essay Writing Tips and Samples? Possessing great appearance of your ppt presentation is crucial, but your key impact should be placed on the content. Superior use of references also improves the standard of an essay. Knowing the prompt is quite important to provide an appropriate response with adequate evidence to back up your opinion. You might not be acquainted with the topics presented but all info you want to fill out the endeavor is found in the passage.

An Introduction to Delphi

Graft and Corruption - 3534 Words

A. INTRODUCTION In 1988, graft and corruption in the Philippines was considered as the biggest problem of all by Jaime Cardinal Sin, the Archbishop of Manila. Then President Corazon C. Aquino likewise despaired that corruption has returned. In 1989, public perception was that corrupt government officials are greater threat to the country than the communist guerrillas. In 1992, former President Fidel V. Ramos considered graft and corruption as the third major hindrance towards attaining his development strategy for the country. A decade later, in 1998, the country got good marks from Transparency International and the Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC), LTD. The Philippines then placed 6th out of the 11 Asian countries†¦show more content†¦Extortion This is done by government officials against their clients by demanding money, valuable items, or services from ordinary citizens who transact business with them or with their office. This is rampant in agencies issuing clearances and other documents, those involved in the recruitment of personnel, or those performing services that directly favor ordinary citizens. â€Å"Tong† or Protection Money This is a form of bribery which is done by citizens performing illegal activities and operations. They deliver huge amount of money to government officials particularly to those in-charge of enforcing the law in exchange for unhampered illegal operation. The law enforcement officer who receives the money will be duty-bound to protect the citizen concerned together with his illegal activities from other law enforcement authorities. This is practiced mostly by gambling lords and those engaged in business without the necessary permits. The â€Å"Lagay† system or Bribery The â€Å"lagay† system or the act of citizens to bribe government officials occupying sensitive positions in government is perpetuated due to bureaucratic red tape. Too much paper requirements, long and arduous processing of documents, ineffective and inefficient personnel management and the absence of professionalism in the public service force ordinary citizens to employ extraordinary and illegal methods for the immediate processingShow MoreRelatedRa 6713 â€Å"Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees†1220 Words   |  5 Pagesin the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption. RA 3019 â€Å"Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act† (Anti-Graft Law) Enacted in 1861 Graft is defined as â€Å"the acquisition of gain or advantage by dishonest, unfair or sordid means, especially through the use of one’s position or influence in politics, business, etc.† (People vs. Bernales, September 3, 1968) Graft and corruption is an act or omission involving breach of the rules of decency, honestyRead MoreThe Late 19th Century : The Gilded Age1295 Words   |  6 PagesThe late 19th century of American history is most commonly known as the Gilded Age, because of its attractive appearance, but underlying corruption. Popular themes during this period were greed and guile. This can most clearly be seen in the nature of city governments and political machine systems. Political machine systems were made up influential men preying on the vulnerable for their own gain. A shining example of this unethical system is Tammany Hall. Tammany Hall was a political force in NewRead MoreGangs of New York History vs. Hollywood1164 Words   |  5 PagesBill the Butcher. When Amsterdam leaves he immediately sets his plan in motion. He begins by getting on Cuttings good side, and eventually becoming somewhat of an apprentice to the crime lord. During this time Amsterdam learns the ways of corruption. To keep above the law Bill Cutting becomes partners with William Tweed, arguably the most corrupt politician of all time. Bill gives Tweed the Irish immigrant vote, and Boss Tweed keeps Cutting high and dry. Two subplots develop in the movieRead MoreSerpico1329 Words   |  6 Pageswould talk about a cop trying to do the right thing, which was to change the crooked system that allowed corruption. This non-fiction talks about the criminality that takes place in this book. For example Serpico was plainclothesmen which was patrolmen working out of uniform on special assignments like narcotics, prostitution, and gambling, so it was a lot of opportunities and temptation for graft to occur. This book proves the point that people in power always abuses it because the plainclothesmenRead More Gangs of New York History vs. Hollywood Essay1120 Words   |  5 PagesAmsterdam leaves he immediately sets his plan in motion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;He begins by getting on Cutting’s good side, and eventually becoming somewhat of an apprentice to the crime lord. During this time Amsterdam learns the ways of corruption. To keep above the law Bill Cutting becomes partners with William Tweed, arguably the most corrupt politician of all time. Bill gives Tweed the Irish immigrant vote, and Boss Tweed keeps Cutting â€Å"high and dry.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TwoRead More Prohibition Essay examples1083 Words   |  5 Pagesalcohol would help the poor as well as big business. Lower class people would put more money into savings accounts and productivity would increase among workers (Hanson 27). More importantly the â€Å"noble experiment†Ã¢â‚¬â€was undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, and improve the health and hygiene in America† (Thorton 1). Although gangsters of the 1920’s were notorious for their violent turf wars,â€Å"the fundamental problem with prohibition was that an increasing percentage of AmericanRead More Police Corruption and Misconduct Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pages Police corruption and misconduct come apparent in many different forms. A basic definition for police corruption is, when an officer gets involved in offenses where the officer uses his or her position, by act or omission, to obtain improper financial benefit. The main reason for such corruption is typically for personal gain, such as bribery. Police abuse of authority occurs in three different general areas such as physical abuse, psychological abuse, and legal abuse. Physical abuse is suchRead MoreCorruption Of Indi Corruption1511 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption in India Corruption is not a new phenomenon in India. It has been prevalent in society since ancient times. History reveals that it was present even in the Mauryan period. Great scholar Kautilya mentions the pressure of forty types of corruption in his contemporary society. It was practised even in Mughal and Sultanate period. When the East India Company took control of the country, corruption reached new height. Corruption in India has become so common that people now are averse to thinkingRead MoreBackground Of The Study . Although Corruption Is An Endemic1813 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough corruption is an endemic epidemic, no country, however, can claim immunity from this vice. Irrefutably, corruption cases globally have increased exponentially in the last three decades. Fundamentally, the graft is a depravity that has neatly interwoven itself in the very social, moral and political fabric of the society. So prevalence is corruption, that it can target anyone irrespective one s level in t he social strata, gender, race, and age inter alia. Accordingly, corruption is no longerRead MoreBook Report of Plunkitt of Tammany Hall Essay example949 Words   |  4 Pagesoffer is turned down if it has his name on it. The second theme in this book: corruption. Plunkitt uses his political power to make money. Indeed, this theme is discussed in the very first lines of the book where Plunkitt defends himself on the issue of graft. â€Å"Everyone is talkin’ these days about Tammany men growin’ rich on graft, but nobody thinks of drawin’ the distinction between honest graft and dishonest graft. There’s all the difference in the world between the two.† Then Plunkitt claims

Changes in Workforce and its Impact on Employee Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Changing Workforce Composition and its Impact of Employee. Answer: Introduction: Workforce is the very important part of the organization. This is because workforce of the organization supports all the functioning of the organization. Nature of organization affects the pattern in which the organization framed its policies and structure. This workforce has undergone many changes from inception to present (Cummings and Worley, 2014). This is because many external and internal forces affect the workforce of the organization. the external forces that affect the changes in the workforce is the change in demography in the place, involvement of female workers, economic conditions as well as education level of the people. The discussion below focuses on the changing workforce and its impact on the employee engagement. It also focuses on the strategies that the mangers of the organization need to implement in order to manage this changed workforce. Key issues: Workforce refers to the labor force that works in the firms in order to earn the wages and the salaries (James, McKechnie and Swanberg, 2011). The change in the labor market and the demand and labor supply are some of the forces that drive the changes in the workforce composition in the organizations. Australia is the country that has decreasing rate of unemployment. This is because of the rise in development of the companies as well as availability of the skilled resources for the organizations. In case of Australia, it has been observed that there are many jobs that are not present in todays organizations. This may be because of advancement in technology that has replaced the human work at the firms these days. It has also been observed that the ratio of employed people with respect to the population of the country has also been increased and this may be the reason of involvement of most of the female workers in the organizations these days (Macey, Schneider, Barbera and Young, 201 1). In todays era, most of the women are educated and thus wants to work in order to support their families economically. Changes for workplace engagement: If the comparison has been made between earlier workforce and recent workforce, it has been analyzed that the workforce of earlier times was stable enough to stick to one of the company for long time whereas; the workforce today shows exactly different approach of working. They find it difficult to stay for so long with the organizations they work with. Now a day, people work on contract basis and do part time jobs. This does not bound them with the organization for so long and thus they are ready to move to another organization where they find any better opportunity for them. Technological advancement is also a factor that is bringing change in the workforce composition (Sonenshein and Dholakia, 2012). Most of the employees especially the female ones work from home and thus remain detached from the organizations culture and structure. This acts as the obstacle for the employee engagement concept. This change in the workforce in recent times is affecting much organizations aspect suc h as the policies that motivate the employees and the employee engagement practices are very different from the strategies that were used in earlier times. Now, the question arises how the change in workforce affect the employee engagement in the firm. The change in nature of the workforce composition signifies the change in their needs and requirement patterns (Stone, 2013). This change affects the level of engagement of the employees. It has been observed that the young employees does not wants to stay in the same organization for long and thus does not get motivated by themselves to engage in the companys processes while the employees that are also have the commitment towards their organization and they themselves try to make efforts towards achievement of the organizational goals. Assessing these changes in the workforce, it can be predicted that the workforce in future will require more and more work life balance because of the increasing pressure and thus organizations need to implement the strategies that can retain the talent in the organization. This is because job hopping is the concept that has been developed and will enhance in the coming years. According to the concept, the employees of today's generation are the hunters who look for new jobs all the time (Bhasin, 2012). As and when they get the opportunity, they leave the current job to grab that opportunity. Most of the organizations these days implement many strategies that facilitates the employees with lot more benefits. This is the strategy of the organization to attract the talent. Workforce and managerial implication: There are various strategies that the mangers of recent times implement in order to enhance the employee engagement practices in the organization as there is an immense need to do the same. One of the strategies that can help the organization would be growth opportunities; this is because this is what the new generation workers or employees are looking for (Kapoor and Solomon, 2011). So, providing growth opportunities in the same organization will retain the employees for long time. Developing the environment of working in the teas help the employees to develop their professional as well as individual skills and thus provide a platform for the employees to develop (Harvey and Allard, 2015). These kinds of practices by the managers retain the employees in the organization and they will not try to switch their jobs. Conclusion: To conclude, it can be determined that various changes have been observed in the workforce of the organizations in recent times. These changes are related to the composition of the workforce. The involvement of females, part time jobs, concepts of work from home are some of the major change that have been analyzed to identify their impact on employee engagement practices. It has been identified that more employee engagement practices needs to be installed and implemented in the organization to manage such a dynamic workforce. This is because, the organization have to retain the talent with them for proper functioning of the firm (Ram and Prabhakar, 2011). Brining the stability in the todays workforce is the challenge for the managers of the firms and this has increased their efforts towards employee engagement practices. References: Bhasin, S., 2012. An appropriate change strategy for lean success.Management Decision,50(3), pp.439-458. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Harvey, C.P. and Allard, M., 2015.Understanding and managing diversity. Pearson. James, J.B., McKechnie, S. and Swanberg, J., 2011. Predicting employee engagement in an age?diverse retail workforce.Journal of Organizational Behavior,32(2), pp.173-196. Kapoor, C. and Solomon, N., 2011. Understanding and managing generational differences in the workplace.Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,3(4), pp.308-318. Macey, W.H., Schneider, B., Barbera, K.M. and Young, S.A., 2011.Employee engagement: Tools for analysis, practice, and competitive advantage(Vol. 31). John Wiley Sons. Ram, P. and Prabhakar, G.V., 2011. The role of employee engagement in work-related outcomes.Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business,1(3), pp.47-61. Sonenshein, S. and Dholakia, U., 2012. Explaining employee engagement with strategic change implementation: A meaning-making approach.Organization Science,23(1), pp.1-23. Stone, R.J., 2013.Managing human resources. John Wiley and Sons.

How to make good photographs free essay sample

According to Sussman, â€Å"Photography is a way of feeling, of touching, of loving. What you have caught on film is captured forever†¦ it remembers little things, long after you have forgotten everything†(153). That is, photography is not merely something random, but it is rather something you are born for. It is like a gift or even something that guides you to improve and justify your way of building a descent career step by step. Additionally, if you are keen on taking good photographs, you have to go out in nature, and express your enthusiasm to capture whatever you feel like it deserves to be unforgettable for a lifetime. Therefore, in order to make good photographs, you have to follow your vision, be yourself, and show your passion while you take photographs. Whether making good photographs, there are some essential equipments that we need to buy. Such essential equipments include: a camera body, lenses, tripod, a computer and a software, such as Photoshop to edit t he pictures. We will write a custom essay sample on How to make good photographs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Knowing how to choose a good camera body is essential since not every camera suits the photographer. Each photographer has his/her unique style. Every photographer will tell you that a good lens allow you to take the pictures you want, with the effect you are trying to achieve. However, in many places a tripod is the most commonly used tool because it offers the camera stability and sharper images.All of these are rounded up in the editing process that takes place when a photo is transferred from the camera to the computer, which is why a good computer as well as an editing software is essential and much needed to the photographer and it comes handy with his skills. One of the key elements on taking good photographs is vision. It is a very important subject because everyone can see the world differently, and create an image that no one else would be able to see in the same way. In addition, vision it is not just about creating an image, but it is also creating a story through that image. It is rather a message, that shares an emotion, a feeling, a belief or a particular way of looki ng the world. A photograph without a vision, it is just a simple photograph. Moreover, vision it is something you see in your mind’s eye, something that exists in your imagination, something that is within yourself. Secondly, in order to make a unique photograph you have to be yourself. Therefore, when doing photography, the importance of being yourself is that you need to show your own style, and your individuality. Moreover everything you see has its own characteristics, but if you be yourself that is when they reach their absolute value. Thus, don’t worry about what everyone else is doing. All of this will only develop jealousy, envy, some self-pity, and the lack of joy. Therefore, try to enjoy your shooting, and do it for fun and for yourself Thirdly, passion is an inevitable step towards being a successful photographer. If you do not posses an inner feeling that always pushes you to capture every magnificent moment, then nothing is going to impress you. That is why it all comes naturally, it is more like a gift that you do not consider as an obligation, but rather as a free will to contribute for a delightful career. Photography is a passion. However this passion sometimes can be challenging, and results in disappointing instead of rewarding images. This happens because things we have in our mind sometimes are different of what a camera captures. However, there are many helpful ways to improve the quality of the photos you take. When you are taking photographs in nature, the most vital element is light. Whenever possible, place your subjects so that the sun is behind them. In addition, to understand the various types of lighting, you need to experiment with your camera’s settings, as well as natural or artificial light. The best time to take photos is the so known the â€Å"golden hours.† It is called so since the sun gives the sky a gold view, which is perfectly reflected on the camera and the images. An example would be considered capturing an object such as a tree or a silhouette of a person, which adds more value to the photographs and makes it more appealing to the eye. Last but not at least, a photographer should be careful and avoid some common mistakes that most of the beginners do. Knowing how to control or use light is essential so we should avoid taking pictures in low lighting conditions because if we use a high ISO the photo often gets blurry. We should avoid taking photos in bad weather conditions. Another thing to avoid is blurry and dizzy photos which are a result of a shaky hand. Without patience, you cannot achieve that â€Å"perfect shot,† and without creativity, you will never be able to make it. As a final point, photography is special since it allows us to frame one moment and have it with us forever. It can be a picture of a loved one who has passed away or a picture of you on your most joyful moment. Therefore, capturing those special moments is something important to each and every one of us. Some of us share the passion of capturing those moments and knowing the best way to do it is just as important as being passionate about it.

Herman Hollerith, the Inventor of Computer Punch Cards

Herman Hollerith, the Inventor of Computer Punch Cards A  punch card  is a piece of  stiff paper  that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. The information might be data for data processing applications or, as in earlier times, used to directly control  automated machinery. The terms  IBM card, or  Hollerith card,  specifically refer to punch cards used in semiautomatic data processing. Punch cards were widely used through much of the 20th century in what became known as the data processing industry, where specialized and increasingly complex  unit record machines, organized into  data processing systems, used punched cards for data input, output, and storage.  Many early  digital computers  used punched cards, often prepared using  keypunch  machines, as the primary medium for input of both  computer programs  and  data. Punched cards are now obsolete as a  recording medium, as the last election in which they were used was the 2014 midterms, according to the Pew Research Center. Semen Korsakov  was the first to use punch cards in informatics for information store and search. Korsakov announced his new method and machines in September 1832; rather than seeking patents, he offered the machines for public use. Herman Hollerith In 1881, Herman Hollerith began designing a machine to tabulate census data more efficiently than by traditional hand methods. The U.S. Census Bureau had taken eight years to complete the 1880 census, and it was feared that the 1890 census would take even longer. Hollerith invented and used a punched card device to help analyze the 1890 U.S. census data. His great breakthrough was his use of electricity to read, count and sort punched cards whose holes represented data gathered by the census-takers. His machines were used for the 1890 census and accomplished in one year what would have taken nearly 10 years of hand tabulating. In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company to sell his invention, the Company became part of  IBM  in 1924. Hollerith first got his idea for the punch-card tabulation machine from watching a train conductor punch tickets. For his tabulation machine, he used the punch card invented in the early 1800s, by a French silk weaver called  Joseph-Marie Jacquard. Jacquard invented a way of automatically controlling the warp and weft threads on a silk loom by recording patterns of holes in a string of cards. Holleriths punch cards and tabulating machines were a step toward automated computation. His device could automatically read information which had been punched onto a card. He got the idea and then saw Jacquards punchcard. Punch card technology was used in computers up until the late 1970s. Computer punched cards were read electronically, the cards moved between brass rods, and the holes in the cards created an electric current where the rods would touch. What Is a Chad? A chad is a small piece of paper or cardboard produced in punching paper tape or data cards; also can be called a piece of chad. The term originated in 1947 and is of unknown origin. In laymens terms, chad is the punched out parts of the card - the holes.